Còðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã (Passive Voice)
 äðóãèõ óðîêàõ, âû âòðå÷àëè ãëàãîëû, êîòîðûå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ â äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå (Active Voice). Ãëàãîë â äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå ïðîèçâîäèò ñàìî ëèöî (èëè ïðåäìåò). Ãëàãîë â ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå âûðàæàåò äåéñòâèå, êîòîðîå èñïûòûâàåò ëèöî (èëè ïðåäìåò) ñî ñòîðîíû äðóãîãî ëèöà (èëè ïðåäìåòà).
ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ
–The doctor wrote a prescription.
ÑÒÐÀÄÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ
–The prescription was written by the doctor.
Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå: â ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå, ëèöî èëè ïðåäìåò, êîòîðûé èñïûòûâàåò äåéñòâèå, ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîäëåæàùèì.
Ôîðìû ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà îáðàçóþòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè ãëàãîëà to be â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ôîðìå äåéñòâèòåëüíîãî çàëîãà è ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ñìûñëîâîãî ãëàãîëà. Çàìåòüòå, ÷òî â ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ òîëüêî ïåðåõîäíûå ãëàãîëû:
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ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ |
ÑÒÐÀÄÀÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÇÀËÎÃ |
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–Fred helps Jane. |
=> Jane is helped by Fred. |
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–He is helping her. |
=> She is being helped by him. |
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–He has helped her. |
=> She has been helped by him. |
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–He helped her. |
=> She was helped by him. |
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–He was helping her. |
=> She was being helped by him. |
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–He had helped her. |
=> She had been helped by him. |
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–He will help her. |
=> She will be helped by him. |
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–He is going to help her. |
=> She is going to be helped by him. |
Îáû÷íî, â ïðåäëîæåíèè ñî ñòðàäàòåëüíûì çàëîãîì, ïîñëåäíåå âûðàæåíèå ñ by îïóñêàåòñÿ. Îáû÷íî, ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà íåèçâåñòíî, êòî âûïîëíÿåò îñíîâíîå äåéñòâèå, èëè êîãäà ýòî íåâàæíî:
–The house was built in 1960.
(Âûðàæåíèå ñ by îïóñêàåòñÿ, ïîòîìó ÷òî è òàê ïîäðàçóìåâàåòñÿ, ÷òî äîì ïîñòðîèëè ñòðîèòåëè).